Fine Arts Reference Sheet

206 facts

🎨 Great Artists

Artist	Period	Years	Famous Works	Style
Leonardo da Vinci	Renaissance	1452-1519	Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, Vitruvian Man	High Renaissance; sfumato technique, scientific observation
Michelangelo	Renaissance	1475-1564	Sistine Chapel ceiling, David (sculpture), The Creation of Adam	High Renaissance; powerful human forms, dramatic composition
Raphael	Renaissance	1483-1520	The School of Athens, Sistine Madonna, The Transfiguration	High Renaissance; harmonious composition, idealized beauty
Sandro Botticelli	Renaissance	1445-1510	The Birth of Venus, Primavera	Early Renaissance; graceful lines, mythological subjects
Albrecht Durer	Northern Renaissance	1471-1528	Praying Hands, Self-Portrait at 28, Melencolia I	Detailed engravings and woodcuts, precise naturalism
Rembrandt van Rijn	Baroque	1606-1669	The Night Watch, Self-portraits series, Return of the Prodigal Son	Dramatic use of light and shadow (chiaroscuro), emotional depth
Johannes Vermeer	Baroque	1632-1675	Girl with a Pearl Earring, The Milkmaid, The Art of Painting	Dutch Golden Age; luminous light, domestic scenes
Caravaggio	Baroque	1571-1610	The Calling of Saint Matthew, Judith Beheading Holofernes, David with the Head of Goliath	Baroque; dramatic tenebrism, realistic figures
Claude Monet	Impressionism	1840-1926	Water Lilies series, Impression, Sunrise, Rouen Cathedral series	Impressionism; capturing light and atmosphere, plein air painting
Pierre-Auguste Renoir	Impressionism	1841-1919	Luncheon of the Boating Party, Bal du moulin de la Galette, Dance at Bougival	Impressionism; vibrant color, joyful scenes of people
Edgar Degas	Impressionism	1834-1917	The Dance Class, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, L'Absinthe	Impressionism; movement, unusual angles, ballet and horse racing
Vincent van Gogh	Post-Impressionism	1853-1890	The Starry Night, Sunflowers, Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear	Post-Impressionism; bold color, expressive brushstrokes, emotional intensity
Paul Cezanne	Post-Impressionism	1839-1906	Mont Sainte-Victoire series, The Card Players, Still Life with Apples	Post-Impressionism; geometric forms, bridge to Cubism
Paul Gauguin	Post-Impressionism	1848-1903	Where Do We Come From?, Vision After the Sermon, Tahitian Women	Post-Impressionism; bold color, Symbolism, Polynesian subjects
Pablo Picasso	Modern	1881-1973	Guernica, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, The Weeping Woman	Cubism and multiple periods; fragmented forms, multiple perspectives
Henri Matisse	Modern	1869-1954	The Dance, Woman with a Hat, The Snail (paper cutout)	Fauvism; bold color, simplified forms, decorative patterns
Salvador Dali	Modern	1904-1989	The Persistence of Memory, Swans Reflecting Elephants, Christ of Saint John of the Cross	Surrealism; dreamlike imagery, meticulous detail, melting forms
Georgia O'Keeffe	Modern	1887-1986	Black Iris, Cow's Skull: Red, White, and Blue, Sky Above Clouds	American Modernism; large-scale flowers, desert landscapes
Norman Rockwell	Modern	1894-1978	Freedom from Want, Triple Self-Portrait, The Problem We All Live With	American illustration; detailed realism, everyday American life
Mary Cassatt	Impressionism	1844-1926	The Child's Bath, Little Girl in a Blue Armchair, The Boating Party	Impressionism; mothers and children, intimate domestic scenes

🎼 Orchestra & Composers

Composer	Period	Years	Famous Works	Genre
George Frideric Handel	Baroque	1685-1759	Messiah (Hallelujah Chorus), Water Music, Music for the Royal Fireworks	Oratorio, Opera, Orchestral
Johann Sebastian Bach	Baroque	1685-1750	Toccata and Fugue in D minor, Brandenburg Concertos, The Well-Tempered Clavier	Fugue, Concerto, Sacred Music
Antonio Vivaldi	Baroque	1678-1741	The Four Seasons, Gloria, L'estro armonico	Concerto, Sacred Music
Henry Purcell	Baroque	1659-1695	Dido and Aeneas, Music for the Funeral of Queen Mary, The Fairy-Queen	Opera, Sacred Music
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Classical	1756-1791	Eine kleine Nachtmusik, The Magic Flute, Requiem	Symphony, Opera, Concerto
Joseph Haydn	Classical	1732-1809	Surprise Symphony (No. 94), The Creation, Trumpet Concerto	Symphony, String Quartet, Oratorio
Ludwig van Beethoven	Classical/Romantic	1770-1827	Symphony No. 5, Moonlight Sonata, Symphony No. 9 (Ode to Joy)	Symphony, Sonata, Concerto
Franz Schubert	Romantic	1797-1828	Ave Maria, Symphony No. 8 (Unfinished), Erlking	Lieder (Art Song), Symphony
Frederic Chopin	Romantic	1810-1849	Nocturne in E-flat major, Minute Waltz, Revolutionary Etude	Nocturne, Etude, Waltz, Polonaise
Felix Mendelssohn	Romantic	1809-1847	A Midsummer Night's Dream Overture, Violin Concerto in E minor, Wedding March	Overture, Concerto, Symphony
Robert Schumann	Romantic	1810-1856	Carnaval, Piano Concerto in A minor, Kinderszenen (Scenes from Childhood)	Piano Music, Lieder, Symphony
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky	Romantic	1840-1893	The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, 1812 Overture	Ballet, Symphony, Concerto
Johannes Brahms	Romantic	1833-1897	Brahms' Lullaby, Symphony No. 4, Hungarian Dances	Symphony, Chamber Music, Choral
Richard Wagner	Romantic	1813-1883	Ride of the Valkyries, The Ring Cycle, Tristan and Isolde	Opera (Music Drama)
Antonin Dvorak	Romantic	1841-1904	New World Symphony (No. 9), Slavonic Dances, Cello Concerto	Symphony, Chamber Music
Claude Debussy	Impressionist	1862-1918	Clair de Lune, La Mer, Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun	Impressionist, Orchestral
Edvard Grieg	Romantic/Nationalist	1843-1907	Peer Gynt Suite (Morning Mood, In the Hall of the Mountain King), Piano Concerto in A minor	Orchestral Suite, Concerto
John Philip Sousa	Romantic	1854-1932	The Stars and Stripes Forever, Semper Fidelis, The Washington Post March	March
Igor Stravinsky	Modern	1882-1971	The Rite of Spring, The Firebird, Petrushka	Ballet, Orchestral
Aaron Copland	Modern	1900-1990	Appalachian Spring, Fanfare for the Common Man, Rodeo	Ballet, Orchestral, Film Score
Sergei Prokofiev	Modern	1891-1953	Peter and the Wolf, Romeo and Juliet (ballet), Piano Concerto No. 3	Ballet, Orchestral, Concerto

✏️ Drawing — Week 1: Elements of Art

Question	Answer
What element of art is a continuous mark made on a surface?	Line
What element of art is a flat, enclosed area defined by a boundary?	Shape
What element of art refers to a three-dimensional shape with height, width, and depth?	Form
What element of art describes the lightness or darkness of a color?	Value
What element of art describes how a surface feels or appears to feel?	Texture
What element of art refers to the area around, between, or within objects?	Space
What element of art is produced by light reflecting off objects and has hue, value, and intensity?	Color

✏️ Drawing — Week 2: Principles of Design

Question	Answer
What principle of design refers to the equal distribution of visual weight?	Balance
What principle of design involves placing opposite elements together to create interest?	Contrast
What principle of design makes one part of an artwork stand out as the focal point?	Emphasis
What principle of design creates a sense of movement through repetition of elements?	Rhythm
What principle of design gives a feeling of completeness and harmony in an artwork?	Unity
What principle of design deals with the size relationship of parts to each other and to the whole?	Proportion

✏️ Drawing — Week 3: Perspective

Question	Answer
What drawing technique creates the illusion of depth on a flat surface?	Perspective
What is the point on the horizon where parallel lines appear to converge?	Vanishing point
What is the horizontal line at the viewer's eye level in a perspective drawing?	Horizon line
What type of perspective uses a single vanishing point?	One-point perspective
What type of perspective uses two vanishing points on the horizon line?	Two-point perspective
What technique makes an object appear shorter because it is angled toward the viewer?	Foreshortening

✏️ Drawing — Week 4: Shading Techniques

Question	Answer
What shading technique uses parallel lines drawn close together?	Hatching
What shading technique uses two or more sets of intersecting parallel lines?	Cross-hatching
What shading technique uses small dots to create value?	Stippling
What shading technique smoothly transitions between light and dark values?	Blending
What is the brightest area on an object where light hits it directly?	Highlight
What is the shadow that an object casts on a nearby surface?	Cast shadow

✏️ Drawing — Week 5: Color Theory

Question	Answer
What are the three primary colors?	Red, yellow, blue
What are the three secondary colors?	Orange, green, purple
What are colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel called?	Complementary colors
What group of colors includes red, orange, and yellow?	Warm colors
What group of colors includes blue, green, and violet?	Cool colors

✏️ Drawing — Week 6: Composition

Question	Answer
What composition guideline divides the picture plane into a 3x3 grid?	Rule of thirds
What type of drawing focuses on the outlines and edges of a form?	Contour drawing
What type of quick, loose drawing captures the movement and energy of a subject?	Gesture drawing
What type of artwork depicts inanimate objects such as fruit, flowers, or household items?	Still life
What is the empty area around and between the subjects of a drawing?	Negative space

🎵 Tin Whistle & Music Theory — Week 1: Notes & the Staff

Question	Answer
How many lines are on a musical staff?	5
What clef is also called the G clef?	Treble clef
What clef is also called the F clef?	Bass clef
What mnemonic helps remember the lines of the treble clef (EGBDF)?	Every Good Boy Does Fine
What word do the spaces of the treble clef spell from bottom to top?	FACE
What note sits on the first ledger line below the treble staff?	Middle C

🎵 Tin Whistle & Music Theory — Week 2: Note Values

Question	Answer
What note value receives 4 beats in common time?	Whole note
What note value receives 2 beats in common time?	Half note
What note value receives 1 beat in common time?	Quarter note
What note value receives half a beat in common time?	Eighth note
What note value receives one-quarter of a beat in common time?	Sixteenth note
What does a dot after a note do to its value?	Adds half the note's value

🎵 Tin Whistle & Music Theory — Week 3: Rests

Question	Answer
What rest hangs below the fourth line and lasts 4 beats?	Whole rest
What rest sits on top of the third line and lasts 2 beats?	Half rest
What rest lasts 1 beat and looks like a zigzag?	Quarter rest
What rest lasts half a beat and has one flag?	Eighth rest
What curved line connects two notes of the same pitch, combining their durations?	Tie

🎵 Tin Whistle & Music Theory — Week 4: Time Signatures & Dynamics

Question	Answer
What do the two numbers at the beginning of a piece of music indicate?	Time signature
What time signature is also called 'common time'?	4/4
What time signature is used for waltzes?	3/4
What dynamic marking means 'loud' and is abbreviated 'f'?	Forte
What dynamic marking means 'soft' and is abbreviated 'p'?	Piano
What dynamic marking means to gradually get louder?	Crescendo
What dynamic marking means to gradually get softer?	Decrescendo (diminuendo)

🎵 Tin Whistle & Music Theory — Week 5: Tempo & Musical Terms

Question	Answer
What musical term describes the speed of the beat?	Tempo
What tempo marking means 'fast and lively'?	Allegro
What tempo marking means 'slow and stately'?	Adagio
What tempo marking means 'at a walking pace'?	Andante
What musical term means to play notes short and detached?	Staccato
What musical term means to play notes smoothly and connected?	Legato

🎵 Tin Whistle & Music Theory — Week 6: Scales & Tin Whistle

Question	Answer
What is a sequence of notes going up or down in a specific pattern of steps?	Scale
What type of scale has the pattern: whole-whole-half-whole-whole-whole-half?	Major scale
What symbol raises a note by a half step?	Sharp (#)
What symbol lowers a note by a half step?	Flat (b)
What interval spans 8 notes and brings you back to the same letter name?	Octave
What is the set of sharps or flats at the beginning of a staff that indicates the key?	Key signature
What are the four main families of instruments in an orchestra?	Strings, Woodwinds, Brass, Percussion
Which orchestra family includes violin, viola, cello, and double bass?	Strings
Which orchestra family includes flute, clarinet, oboe, and bassoon?	Woodwinds
Which orchestra family includes trumpet, French horn, trombone, and tuba?	Brass
Which orchestra family includes timpani, snare drum, cymbals, and xylophone?	Percussion
What is the smallest and highest-pitched string instrument in the orchestra?	Violin
What is the largest and lowest-pitched string instrument in the orchestra?	Double bass (contrabass)
Which woodwind instrument does NOT use a reed?	Flute
Which woodwind uses a double reed and often plays the tuning note 'A' for the orchestra?	Oboe
What is the lowest-pitched instrument in the brass family?	Tuba
What large, tunable drums are also called 'kettledrums' in the orchestra?	Timpani
What is the person who leads and directs the orchestra called?	Conductor